A specialized approach is essential for accurate detection and effective treatment when diagnosing colorectal diseases. A colorectal surgeon, such as Dr. Armen Gregorian, MD, a renowned colorectal surgeon in Glendale, employs various advanced diagnostic techniques to ensure comprehensive patient care. Below, they delve into the detailed processes colorectal surgeons use to diagnose colorectal diseases.
Initial Consultation and Medical History
The diagnostic process typically begins with an initial consultation. During this appointment, Dr. Armen Gregorian, MD, will take a detailed medical history and discuss symptoms, family history, and any previous medical conditions. This step is crucial as it helps the surgeon understand the patient’s overall health and identify potential risk factors for colorectal diseases.
Physical Examination
Following the initial consultation, a thorough physical examination is conducted. This includes a digital rectal exam (DRE), where the surgeon examines the lower rectum using a gloved, lubricated finger. This exam helps detect abnormalities such as masses or polyps in the rectum.
Diagnostic Imaging
-
Colonoscopy: One of the most comprehensive diagnostic tools is a colonoscopy. During this procedure, a long, flexible tube with a camera (colonoscope) is inserted into the rectum to inspect the entire colon. Dr. Gregorian, a skilled Glendale colorectal surgeon, uses this method to identify polyps, tumors, and areas of inflammation or bleeding.
-
Sigmoidoscopy: Similar to a colonoscopy, a sigmoidoscopy examines only the sigmoid colon and rectum. This procedure is less extensive but can help diagnose issues in the lower part of the colon.
-
CT Colonography: Also known as a virtual colonoscopy, this imaging technique uses CT scans to create detailed images of the colon and rectum. It’s less invasive than a traditional colonoscopy but may require bowel preparation.
Laboratory Tests
-
Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT): This test checks for hidden blood in the stool, which can be an early sign of colorectal cancer. A positive result typically leads to further diagnostic testing, such as a colonoscopy.
-
Stool DNA Test: This test analyzes DNA in the stool for mutations associated with colorectal cancer. It’s another non-invasive method that can indicate the need for additional diagnostic procedures.
Biopsy
A biopsy is performed if any suspicious areas are identified during a colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy. A small tissue sample is taken and sent to a laboratory for analysis. The biopsy can confirm the presence of cancerous or precancerous cells, guiding the next steps in treatment.
Advanced Imaging Techniques
-
MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) provides detailed images of soft tissues and is often used to stage colorectal cancer or assess its spread to nearby organs.
-
PET Scan: Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scans can detect cancerous cells throughout the body. This imaging technique is beneficial for evaluating the extent of metastatic colorectal cancer.
Genetic Testing
For patients with a family history of colorectal cancer or related syndromes, genetic testing may be recommended. This can identify inherited conditions like Lynch syndrome or familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) that increase the risk of colorectal cancer. Knowing these risks allows Dr. Gregorian to develop a personalized monitoring and prevention plan.
Conclusion
Diagnosing colorectal diseases involves a combination of thorough medical history, physical examinations, advanced imaging techniques, and laboratory tests. Each step is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment planning. Dr. Armen Gregorian, MD, a leading colorectal surgeon in Glendale, employs these comprehensive diagnostic methods to provide the highest standard of care. If you experience symptoms or have concerns about colorectal health, consulting a specialist like Dr. Gregorian ensures you receive expert diagnosis and personalized treatment options.